Physicists at the University of Bath have developed a new generation of special optical fibers

Physicists at the University of Bath have developed a new generation of special optical fibers to meet the data transmission challenges of the future era of quantum computing. The results are expected to drive the expansion of large-scale quantum networks. The research results are published in the new issue of Applied Physics Letters Quantum.

Quantum technology is highly anticipated because it will enable people to solve complex logic problems and develop new drugs with unprecedented computing power, and it will also bring people more secure communications by providing unbreakable encryption technology. However, due to the solid core of optical fibers, today's wired networks that transmit information across the globe are not suitable for future quantum communications.

The wavelength of light transmitted by conventional optical fibers is determined by the loss of quartz glass. These wavelengths are incompatible with the operating wavelengths of single-photon sources, qubits, and active optical elements required for optical quantum technology. Therefore, the researchers must develop the corresponding supporting devices to ensure that they can play a role in future quantum networks.

This time, the University of Bath researchers analyzed the challenges associated with the quantum Internet from the perspective of fiber technology, and proposed a series of solutions to achieve robust, large-scale quantum network scalability, including fibers for long-distance communication and special fibers that allow quantum Repeaters. The newly manufactured specialty fiber differs from standard telecommunications fiber in that it has a microstructural core consisting of a complex pattern of air pockets distributed along the entire length of the fiber. These patterns allow people to manipulate the properties of light inside the fiber, create entangled photon pairs, change the color of photons, and even capture individual atoms inside the fiber.

The research team said that the special fiber can achieve quantum computing at the node itself by acting as an entangled single-photon source, a quantum wavelength converter, a low-loss switch, or a quantum memory container. At the same time, special optical fibers can be directly integrated into the network, greatly extending the operating distance.

The new fiber can also generate more exotic quantum states of light for applications in quantum computing, precision sensing and information encryption, which also lays the foundation for large-scale applications of quantum computers in the future.